Analysis and detection of microporosities in aging bones in context to pharmaceutical treatment: a study in line of osteoporosis

The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effects of nandrolone decanoate in terms of morphological changes in the diaphyseal region of appendicular skeleton long bone [femur] of aging female Albino rats with the help of innovatively designed histomorphometric tool of study being introduced first time mapped out micro porosities [lacunae] which tend to intensify as part of advanced aging denoting deterioration in osseous tissue. In fact our research trial has been in the line of involutional osteoporosis especially common in post-menopausal aged women, as to find out appropriate drug usefulness in the care and cure of this diseased state as per recommendation of FDA. An animal experimental research trial was done in strict accordance with the guidelines of the Institutional Animals Ethics Committee[IAEC] and all standard dietary protocols were observed .Rats were separated in two groups comprising of five rats in each. Group A was control and group B was nandrolone decanoate treated 3mg/kg body weight I/M on daily basis for four week duration. On completion of treatment animals were sacrificed, dissection was done and bones were excised. Qualitative histological assessment was worked through SEM, where as the Quantitative data was constructed through a special company fitted software in electron microscope, model "jeol JSM-6380".,the procured data was evaluated statistically and high degree significant variation was detected b/w control and experimental groups. The histomorphometry validated relatively reduced index of BLD in experimental/treated case signifying less resorptive activity in aging bones with the use of nandrolone decanoate

Frequency of dental caries and associated risk factors in patients attending college of dentistry, Aljouf University - Saudi Arabia

The objective of the study was to determine the frequency of dental caries and associated risk factors among patients examined at College of Dentistry, Aljouf University, Saudi Arabia. The study group consisted of 576 subjects with a mean age of 30.4 +/- 9.9 years and 65% males. Carious defects, fillings and missing teeth due to caries were diagnosed and DMFT scores were calculated according to WHO guidelines. Oral hygiene practices and habits were also recorded. Data were collected through a proforma. The prevalence rate of dental caries in the study group was 94%. The mean DMFT was 6.58 +/- 3.7 whereby the D [Decayed] component had the highest proportion 4.44 +/- 3.1, and M [Missing] component the lowest 0.79 +/- 1.6. On average the F [Filled] component was 1.39 +/- 1.9. The mean of DMFT component by gender was statistically significant [p < 0.05] while the difference in the mean of D and F components by age group was statistically insignificant [p < 0.05]. The molars [69%] were the most affected teeth by caries followed by premolars [21.5%] and anterior teeth [9.5%]. The results indicated high levels of dental caries as well as dental treatment needs among the study participants

Nandrolone decanoate and tamoxifen related histomorphometry: a study in line of osteoporosis

To compare the histomorphometric data [in line with osteoporosis] between Tamoxifen treated and Nandrolone decanoate treated female Albino rats through an innovatively modified parameter using SEM [scanning electronic microscopy]. An animal experimental research study was done in which the subjects were ageing six female Albino rats, 8-12 months of age. The animal study was carried out in strict accordance with the guidelines of the Institutional Animals Ethics Committee [IAEC] and all standard dietary protocols were observed. The Albino rats were divided into two main groups comprising of three rats in each group. Group [A] was Tamoxifen treated, 5 mg/kg body weight s/c daily and Group [B] Nandrolone decanoate treated 3 mg/kg body weight, I/M per week. Both groups were treated for six weeks. On completion of treatment the animals were sacrificed, dissected and bones were removed. Quantitative and qualitative data was developed through SEM. The histomorphometric data in this study was Specific Bone Surface [SBS] Specific Eroded Surface [SES] and Total Bone Surface [TBS]/Total Eroded Surface [TES]. Comparison of these parameters was done by the SEM for the two groups of Albino rats i.e. group A; Nandrolone decanoate treated and group B; Tamoxifen treated. The data obtained was evaluated statistically and no significant variation was found between the two groups. The histomorphometric data shows that the effects of Nandrolone decanoate and Tamoxifen in female Albino rats are similar in terms of structural measurement such as SBS, SES and TBS/TES

Pathological threat of developing resistance against broad spectrum antibiotics

The objectives of the study were to describe the recent sensitivity pattern against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in relation to ciprofloxacin and cefepime as to maintain the effectiveness of the treatment regimen. Furthermore the resistance of these organisms was explored to estimate the impending burden of resistant infections. During the present study 50 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and 50 isolates of Escherichia coli have been collected from Dr. Ziauddin Hospital Laboratory and Imam Clinic laboratory. The study was done in the department of Pharmaceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Karachi University. The sensitivity pattern of these isolates to ciprofloxacin and cefepime was determined by using Disc Diffusion Method. Data was analyzed by using National Committee for Clinical laboratory Standard [NCCLS]. Data indicated that the clinical isolate of Eschericia coli has exhibited 58% sensitivity, 42% resistance to Cefepime. Where as Staphylococcus aureus has shown 54% sensitivity, 46% resistance to Cefepime. The clinical isolates of Eschericia coli has exhibited 36% sensitivity, 64% resistance to ciprofloxacin, where as Staphylococcus aureus, has shown 44% sensitivity, 56% resistance to Ciprofloxacin. The prescribed drugs must not be used frequently otherwise resistance threat against the relevant microorganism would be increased at an alarming level

Effects of nandrolone decanoate in bones of female albino rats: a mineral mapped study

To map out comparable differential of BMD in lumbosacral vertebrae and proximal half of femur of ageing female Albino rats in relation to Nandrolone decanoate treatment. Study was conducted at Basic Medical Sciences Institute [BMSI] Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre [JPMC], Karachi and Osteoporotic Diagnostic Clinic [ODC] Modern Diagnostic Services, BMCHS, Karachi. Ten specimens each of lumbosacral vertebrae [axial bone] and of Proximal half of femur [appendicular bone] of female albino rats were used for observations. Five rats were in experimental group., treated with nandrolone and rest five were taken as controls. Quantitative measurement of BMD [Bone Mineral Density] in bones mapped out with DEXA [Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry] scan. Vertebral and femoral BMD showed slight increase in case of experimental group as compared to Control. The results indicate that NandroIone Decanoate exerts positive effects on axial arid appendicular BMD in this preliminary study, thus increased bone mass against involutional Osteoporosis in ageing female Albino rats

Age-related changes in mineralized milieu of long bones of female albino rats. A study in line with postmenopausal osteoporosis

A study in line with postmenopausal Osteoporosis To investigate and quantify changes in the Bone mineral content [BMC] and Bone mineral density [BMD] between Reproductive and Postreproductive Aged Female Albino Rats, using DEXA scanner. Setting: Deptt. of Anatomy, Basic Medical Sciences Institute [BMSI], Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre [JPMC], Karachi Methodology: 20 adult female albino rats were used in this study, divided into two groups: Group-A comprising 10 rats of post-reproductive age [15-21 months old] and group-B 10 rats of reproductive age [68 months old]. On completion of experiment all the animals were sacrificed and their bones i.e femur, tibia and humerus were removed and preserved in formalin. Later on comparative analysis was made between the groups based on BMC and BMD mapped out through DEXA scanning. The quantitative measurement carried out by DEXA scanner revealed that bones of groupB were found to have relatively higher level of BMC and BMD compared to group-A. The level of BMC and BMD in long bones of female albino rats was found to get declined with advancing age